来源:生物世界 | 2022-11-07 18:27:50 |
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光动力疗法(PDT)介导的免疫激活作用使其兼具肿瘤免疫治疗的效果。然而,PDT免疫疗效的发挥受到肿瘤浸润的细胞毒性T细胞(CTLs)功能和状态的影响。改善肿瘤免疫抑制性微环境,有效激活并增强CTLs的功能,有望提高PDT的抗肿瘤免疫治疗效果。胆固醇代谢途径干预CTLs和肿瘤细胞的功能,通过调控胆固醇代谢,有望增强CTLs功能,提高抗肿瘤疗效。近日,上海药物所李亚平团队在Small Methods期刊发表了题为:Blocking cholesterol metabolism with tumor-penetrable nanovesicles to improve photodynamic cancer immunotherapy 的研究论文。该研究开发了一种基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-2)响应的促渗透纳米粒,通过促进药物瘤内渗透,同步调控CTLs和肿瘤细胞的胆固醇代谢行为,改善CTLs功能,协同增强光动力-免疫治疗抗肿瘤效果。该研究制备了脂质纳米囊泡共包载MMP-2酶敏促渗肽修饰的光敏剂PPa和胆固醇酯化酶抑制剂阿伐麦布,在进行PDT的同时干预胆固醇代谢以提高疗效。该递药系统具有以下特点:1)纳米粒在血液循环中保持稳定,通过EPR效应被动蓄积至肿瘤部位,在肿瘤高表达的MMP-2作用下,促渗肽iRGD从纳米粒中响应释放,促进阿伐麦布在瘤内的深部渗透;2)被肿瘤细胞摄取后,PPa介导的PDT诱导肿瘤细胞发生免疫原性细胞死亡(ICD),进而激活抗肿瘤免疫应答;3)阿伐麦布被释放后可以同时抑制肿瘤浸润性 CD8+ T细胞和肿瘤细胞的胆固醇代谢,恢复T细胞的功能,抑制肿瘤细胞迁移,使肿瘤细胞处于有效的免疫监视,协同PDT激活的免疫应答杀伤肿瘤。与单独PDT相比,基于该递药系统的联合治疗策略在黑色素瘤模型中展现出更强的抗肿瘤效果。该研究提出了通过调控胆固醇代谢通路提高光动力免疫治疗效果的新思路。胆固醇调控纳米粒的构建及其作用分子模式上海药物所李亚平研究员、王当歌副研究员为本文的共同通讯作者,博士生刘晓琛为本文第一作者。该研究得到了国家自然科学基金、中科院青促会和上海市科学技术委员会等项目的资助。
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